TANTANGAN MANAJEMEN PUSKESMAS DALAM MENDUKUNG TRANSFORMASI LAYANAN KESEHATAN PRIMER: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstrak

Penguatan primary health care menjadi prioritas global, namun Puskesmas di Indonesia masih menghadapi hambatan manajerial yang menghambat keterlaksanaan transformasi layanan kesehatan primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tantangan utama manajemen Puskesmas dalam mendukung agenda transformasi layanan kesehatan primer di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan pendekatan thematic analysis terhadap sepuluh artikel ilmiah terpilih dari basis data Google Scholar, Portal Garuda, dan SINTA, terbitan tahun 2021–2026. Hasil kajian mengidentifikasi enam dimensi hambatan utama yang berpola secara sistemik, meliputi keterbatasan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, lemahnya managerial leadership, kesenjangan infrastruktur antardaerah, ketidakberlanjutan pembiayaan, rendahnya health digital literacy, serta kelemahan perencanaan operasional dan pengelolaan rantai pasok. Hambatan-hambatan tersebut tidak bersifat independen, melainkan saling memperkuat dalam satu siklus yang menghambat akselerasi transformasi. Diperlukan reformasi health financing berbasis ekuitas, penguatan kompetensi SDM, dan standardisasi interoperability sistem informasi manajemen Puskesmas secara berjenjang dan menyeluruh.

Strengthening primary health care has become a global priority; however, community health centers (Puskesmas) in Indonesia continue to face managerial barriers that hinder the implementation of primary health care transformation. This study aims to identify and analyze the principal challenges in Puskesmas management within the framework of Indonesia's primary health care transformation agenda. A literature review method was employed using a thematic analysis approach across ten selected scientific articles retrieved from Google Scholar, Portal Garuda, and SINTA databases, published between 2021 and 2026. Findings identified six systemically interrelated dimensions of barriers, encompassing limited human resource capacity, weak managerial leadership, inter-regional infrastructure disparities, unsustainable financing structures, low health digital literacy, and deficiencies in operational planning and supply chain management. These barriers do not operate independently but mutually reinforce one another in a cyclical pattern obstructing transformation acceleration. Equity-based health financing reform, human resource competency strengthening, and phased standardization of Puskesmas management information system interoperability are urgently recommended.