ANALYZING FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING, WASTING AND UNDERWEIGHT IN TODDLERS

Abstrak

Stunting, wasting dan underweight merupakan tiga indikator yang dikenal luas dalam status gizi anak, Malnutrisi memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap beban global berbagai penyakit. Prevalensi stunting dan wasting di negara-negara Asia dan Afrika lebih tinggi dibandingkan negara lain. Sementara di Indonesia, hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi underweight 17,7%, stunting 30,8%, dan wasting 10,2%.; Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6 - 59 bulan; Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional study yang dilakukan pada tahun 2022 – 2023 di Puskesmas Simpang Tiga Kota Pekanbaru. Sampel penelitian merupakan seluruh balita usia 6 – 59 bulan yang berkunjung di posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas pada tahun 2022 – 2023. Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini yaitu balita usia 6 – 59 bulan dengan indeks z-score TB/U < - 2 SD dan indeks z-score TB/U > -2 SD. Balita yang menderita penyakit kongenital dan penyakit kronik, Balita yang sedang mengalami pemulihan dari status gizi buruk, Tempat tinggal yang mengasuh balita sulit dijangkau merupakan kriteria eksklusi pada penelitian ini. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat digunakan pada penelitian ini; Hasil: Hasil analisis chisquare untuk analisis bivariate kemudian pasien dilakukan analisis multivariate dengan uji regresi logistik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat memperlihatkan bahwa semua variabel faktor risiko mempengaruhi status gizi balita (stunting, wasting dan underweight) dengan nilai p < 0,05. Dari hasil uji regresi logistik didapatkan bahwa faktor riwayat pemberian ASI, MPASI dan pendidikan menjadi faktor risiko dominan mempengaruhi kejadian stunting, wasting dan underweight balita yaitu dengan nilai OR > 1; Kesimpulan: Faktor riwayat pemberian ASI, MPASI dan pendidikan menjadi faktor risiko dominan mempengaruhi kejadian stunting, wasting dan underweight balita.

Stunting, wasting and underweight are three widely known indicators of children's nutritional status. Malnutrition makes a significant contribution to the global burden of various diseases. The prevalence of stunting and wasting in Asian and African countries is higher than in other countries. Meanwhile in Indonesia, the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) show a prevalence of underweight 17.7%, stunting 30.8%, and wasting 10.2%; Objective: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for stunting in toddlers aged 6 - 59 months; Method: This research is a cross sectional study conducted in 2022 – 2023 at the Simpang Tiga Health Center, Pekanbaru City. The research sample was all toddlers aged 6 - 59 months who visited the posyandu in the working area of the Community Health Center in 2022 - 2023. The inclusion criteria in this study were toddlers aged 6 - 59 months with a TB/U z-score index < - 2 SD and a z index -score TB/U > -2 SD. Toddlers suffering from congenital and chronic diseases, toddlers who are recovering from poor nutritional status, and places where children are cared for are difficult to reach are the exclusion criteria in this study. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were used in this study; Result: The results of the chisquare analysis were for bivariate analysis, then the patient underwent a multivariate analysis with a logistic regression test. Based on the results of bivariate analysis, it shows that all risk factor variables influence the nutritional status of toddlers (stunting, wasting and underweight) with a p value <0.05. From the results of the logistic regression test, it was found that the history of breastfeeding, MPASI and education were the dominant risk factors influencing the incidence of stunting, wasting and underweight toddlers, namely with an OR value > 1; Conclusion: History of breastfeeding, MPASI and education are the dominant risk factors influencing the incidence of stunting, wasting and underweight toddlers.